Thursday, December 16, 2010

Keeping Africa Out of Focus

Recent popular uprisings in Africa have drawn greater attention to China's crucial relationship to the continent. Updates on rebellions in Libya, Tunisia, and Egypt, are slow and glaringly fact-starved. Wen Jiabao's 2011 annual work report to the CPC and the State media have expressed concern with the potential contaminations of African and Middle Eastern turmoil and promise that their next five year plan will be aimed at improving the people's lives to ensure development and stability in China. Willy Lams March 2011 article in the China Brief explains:

"Beijing's efforts to uphold socio-political stability and to crush a potential Chinese-style "Jasmine Revolution" have dominated this year's (2011) plenary session of the National People¹s Congress (NPC). The Chinese parliament has approved a budget for wei-wen, an omnibus term that encompasses maintaining law and order, squashing dissent and keeping surveillance on the populace, which surpasses for the first time the expenditures of the People¹s Liberation Army (PLA). Much of the initiatives for this year as well as for the 12th Five-Year Plan (12FYP) period of 2011 to 2015 have to do with pacifying disadvantaged social groupings through boosting their welfare entitlements and restructuring the economy. Remarkably absent are reforms in the political arena."

The following recent editorial in the People's Daily ("in no way representative of the paper's editors") exemplifies a typical international PR diversion strategy to transfer the potential dangers of reporting current events in North Africa into a strategy for vilifying an old rival: the US (something the US, of course, is not innocent of when its own elections come around).

In this article, the news isn't popular uprisings, but the US and Obama's self-serving foreign policy about-face. The story is that the US throws its friends (i.e. Mubarak) under the bus at the slightest sign of trouble. The US is an opportunistic predator, a characterization encapsulated in a central idiomatic expression of the article: "they watch the wind and shift the rudder" (見風使舵):

且看美国在中东“变脸”

  “变脸”是中国多个地方剧种表演的特技之一,尤以川剧最为著名。

  最近一个时期,因各种复杂因素的综合作用,中东一些国家相继发生“政治地震”,先是突尼斯国家政权被民众骚乱冲垮,接着18天的埃及动乱为穆巴拉克近30年的强势统治画上句号。眼下,这种剧变的“外溢效应”还在向其他阿拉伯国家扩散,引起世人关切。中东乱局蔓延的速度之快令世界惊讶,而美国出于自身战略利益考量,“翻手为云,覆手为雨”,其面孔变幻频率之高,与川剧中的“变脸”相比有过之而无不及,同样令人愕然。

  埃及是阿拉伯国家的领头羊,也是平衡中东格局的“稳定器”,穆巴拉克曾是美国的“朋友”,他对美国的大敌——伊斯兰极端势力毫不妥协,予以严厉打击;他对美国稳定中东的基石——阿以和谈坚信不疑,积极斡旋调停。当开罗刮起“街头政治”风暴时,美国开始力挺穆巴拉克,副总统拜登还公开称其为“可靠盟友”;随着事态发展,美国呼吁埃及“稳定过渡”,直到9月份总统选举;眼看游行示威愈演愈烈,穆巴拉克无法控制局面,美国总统奥巴马亲自走上前台表态:穆巴拉克应该下台,而且是立即下台。美国政府见风使舵,甚至落井下石,在紧要关头抛弃穆巴拉克的绝情做法,不仅使美国在中东的其他盟友感到寒心,也使他们进一步认清了美国中东外交的实用主义本性。

  主导中东事务,是美国延续全球霸业的关键环节之一。中东地处欧、亚、非三大洲交界处,战略地位十分重要,那里还是世界石油和天然气的主产地。2009年,中东地区累计探明的石油储量达1032亿吨,占全球总探明储量的55.6%。正因为如此,“二战”后美国历届政府都信奉“谁控制了中东和它的石油,谁就拥有世界”的说法,投入大量资源苦心经营中东,其惯常策略是在充满敌意、战乱不息的中东地区“两面下注”。如一方面不惜血本全力支持和扶植以色列,以达到威慑中东其他国家的目的;另一方面又以盟友关系拉拢一些伊斯兰国家当权者,使其成为推行中东战略的配合者和代言人。在美国人看来,无论是32年前的伊朗国王巴列维,还是10多天前的埃及总统穆巴拉克,似乎都起过这样的角色作用。可当1979年伊朗伊斯兰革命将巴列维赶下台后,美国也弃之如敝屣,连他想携家人前往美国定居的申请都被驳回。由于美国的“变脸”,在今天穆巴拉克的身上,人们仿佛看到了巴列维的影子。

 “9·11”事件发生后,美国反恐重心直指中东,并不失时机推出“大中东民主计划”。美国认为,唯有“民主化”才能消除中东的“反美恐怖主义”。然而,面对当下中东一些国家接踵而至的“民主化运动”,美国并未一味叫好,而是在“有选择性干预或淡忘”。最鲜活的例子是,美国乐见伊朗、利比亚等国尽快通过“民主”改变颜色,而对驻扎了美军重兵的中东国家,美国则强调“情况不同”,在“看碟下菜”。事实正如瑞士《巴塞尔日报》一篇报道所言,美国对中东的民主并没有真正兴趣,美国推进中东“民主化”只是出于自身利益。

  明乎此,人们就不难理解,那些“民主、自由”等美国经常挂在嘴边的“崇高理念”和“普世价值”,那些对中东各国各个阶段的态度,为什么变化多端了。只有一条是恒久不变的,那就是美国要掌控中东的战略利益。(刘水明)

The following clips from recent documentaries are helping to unfold the ongoing story of China's economic speculations and impact in sub-Saharan Africa.

BBC's Documentary on China and Africa:


Short documentary featured on the blog Danwei:


Links:
*Nigerian Jimmy Wang BluesHipHopSoul Star in China
* Reaction to poor coverage of Libyan uprising (April 2011) (Chinese / English)

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